He and his allies were arrested in the Paris town hall on 9 Thermidor. After exactly one year, Robespierre was undone by his obsession with the vision of an ideal republic and his indifference to the human costs of installing it, turning both members of the Convention and the French public against him. Īlthough Robespierre always had like-minded allies, the politically motivated violence that the Montagne faction often promoted disillusioned others. During the Reign of Terror, at least 300,000 suspects were arrested 17,000 were officially executed, and perhaps 10,000 died in prison or without trial. Those who were not actively defending France ( modérantisme) became his enemy. Because of his health, Robespierre announced he was to resign but in July he was appointed as a member of the powerful Committee of Public Safety, and reorganized the Revolutionary Tribunal. In April 1793, Robespierre urged the creation of a sans-culotte army to enforce revolutionary laws and sweep away any counter-revolutionary conspirator, leading to the armed Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793. He earned the nickname "the incorruptible" for his adherence to strict moral values.Īs one of the leading members of the Paris Commune, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the French Convention in early September 1792 but was soon criticised for trying to establish either a triumvirate or a dictatorship. His goal was to create a one and indivisible France, equality before the law, to abolish prerogatives and to defend the principles of direct democracy. Robespierre played an important part in the agitation which brought about the fall of the French monarchy on 10 August 1792 and the summoning of a National Convention. In 1791, Robespierre was elected as " public accuser" and became an outspoken advocate for male citizens without a political voice, for their unrestricted admission to the National Guard, to public offices, and to the commissioned ranks of the army, for the right to petition and the right to bear arms in self defence.
As a member of the Estates-General, the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club, he campaigned for universal manhood suffrage, the right to vote for people of color, Jews or actors, and the abolition of both clerical celibacy and slavery in France. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre ( French: – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. Member of the Commission of Public SafetyĢ4th President of the National Conventionĭeputy of the National Constituent Assembly
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